dějiny využití světla a pohybu evropská avantgarda.
otázky:
1. proč jsou pohyb a světlo ve výtvarém umění důležité pro vznik “nových médií?” 2.co je futurismus a kde vznikal
3.jaký má vztah futurismus pro rozvoj poválečné avantagardy a umění nových médií od padesátých let?
(hlavní představitelé: Marinetti, Balla, Corra, Rusollo)
text:
https://monoskop.org/File:Moholy-Nagy_Laszlo_The_New_Vision_and_Abstract_of_an_Artist.pdf
další umělci: 1.Marcel Duchamp
2. Laszlo Moholy Nagy
3. Zdeněk Pešánek
4. Gyorgy Kepes
5. Frank Malina
6. Otto Piene
Obsah [skrýt] 1 Futurism and new media (1901-1919) 1.1 Manifestos of Futurism 1.2 Major Works 2 Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968): Vision, motion and new forms of art 3 Bauhaus (1919-1933): Art, craft and technology 3.1 Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack (1893-1965) 3.2 László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946) 4 Zdeněk Pešánek (1896-1965) 5 Len Lye (1901-1980) 6 Frank Malina (1912-1981) 7 More resources 8 More artists
Futurism a nová média (1901-1919)
Manifestos of Futurism
Futurist Manifesto, F. T. Marinetti, 1909 Suddenly we jumped, hearing the mighty noise of the huge double-decker trams that rumbled by outside, ablaze with colored lights…
We intend to sing the love of danger, the habit of energy and fearlessness. Except in struggle, there is no more beauty. No work without an aggressive character can be a masterpiece. Poetry must be conceived as a violent attack on unknown forces, to reduce and prostrate them before man.
We will glorify war—the world’s only hygiene—militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of freedom-bringers, beautiful ideas worth dying for, and scorn for woman. We will destroy the museums, libraries, academies of every kind, will fight moralism, feminism, every opportunistic or utilitarian cowardice.
Technical Manifesto of Futurist Painting, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carrà, Luigi Russolo, Giacomo Balla, Gino Severini, 1910
That all forms of imitation must be despised, all forms of originality glorified.
That it is essential to rebel against the tyranny of the terms “harmony” and “good taste” as being too elastic expressions, by the help of which it is easy to demolish the works of Rembrandt, of Goya and of Rodin.
That universal dynamism must be rendered in painting as a dynamic sensation.
That movement and light destroy the materiality of bodies.
We demand, for ten years, the total suppression of the nude in painting.
The Art of Noises, Luigi Russolo, 1913
Musical evolution is paralleled by the multiplication of machines
Music developed towards the most complex polyphony and the maximum variety, seeking the most complicated successions of dissonant chords and vaguely preparing the creation of musical noise
The variety of noises is infinite. If today, when we have perhaps a thousand different machines, we can distinguish a thousand different noises, tomorrow, as new machines multiply, we will be able to distinguish ten, twenty, or thirty thousand different noises, not merely in a simply imitative way, but to combine them according to our imagination.
[2] Luigi Russolo - Veglio Di Una Città
The Futurist Cinema, F. T. Marinetti, Bruno Corra, Emilio Settimelli, Arnaldo Ginna, Giacomo Balla, Remo Chiti, 1916
Cinematic analogies that use reality directly as one of the two elements of the analogy
Cinematic simultaneity and interpenetration of different times and places. We shall project two or three different visual episodes at the same time, one next to the other
Filmed unreal reconstructions of the human body.
On-line resources: http://www.unknown.nu/futurism [3]
Major Works
Painting and Sculpture
Giacomo Balla: Dog on Leash (1912)
Giacomo Balla: Girl in the Balcony (1912)
Umberto Boccioni: Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913)
Giacomo Balla: Study of Materiality of Lights and Speed (1913)
Umberto Boccioni: States of Mind: The Farewells (1911)
Luigi Russolo: Dynamism of a Car (1912)
Film
Arnaldo Ginna, Lucio Venna: Vita futurista (1916)
Anton Giulio Bragaglia: Thaïs (1917) Sound and music
Luigi Russolo: Art of noise (1913) [5] ¨ [editovat] Marcel Duchamp (1887–1968): Vision, motion and new forms of art
Key concepts:
Motion and time in painting
Criticism of retinal art
Ready-made
Technology and machinery as a part of artistic language
Op-art, kinetic objects and film
Major works
Nude Descending a Staircase (1st and 2nd version, 1911-12)
Bottle dryer (1914)
The Large Glass (1915-192)
Rotoreliefs (1926)
Anemic cinema (1926) Rrose Sélavy
[6]
[7]
Reading
Calvin Tomkins - Duchamp: A Biography (1996)
Stanislav Ulver - Západní filmová avant-garde (1991)
On-line resources [8] dada-companion.com
Bauhaus (1919-1933): Art, craft and technology
School of art, craft and technology founded by Walter Gropius. Weimar, Dessau (1919-1933)
Utopian craft guild combining architecture, sculpture, and painting into a single creative expression Important figures: Wassily Kandinsky, Josef Albers, Paul Klee, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy
On-line resources [9]
Ludwig Hirschfeld Mack (1893-1965)
Bauhaus student since 1919
Color music, light design, light and colour modulator
Light performances and works with Kurt Schwerdtfeger
Major works
Farbenlichtspiele (1923)
Optical disc (1924)
Reading On-line resources [10]
László Moholy-Nagy (1895-1946)
Influence of constructivism
Rejection of cubism and traditional art
Bauhaus teacher (1923-1928)
Telephone paintings (1922)
Photography as a new way of seeing the world that the human eye could not
Photograms
Machinery and beauty
USA since 1937, Institute of Design in Chicago, New Bauhaus
Major works
Light space modulator (1925-30) [11]
Lightplay – Black, White, Gray (1932) [12] https://youtu.be/e0x730uP2yI?list=RDe0x730uP2yI
Reading Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Foundation Stanislav Ulver - Západní filmová avantgarda (1991) Laszlo Moholy-Nagy at Monoskop [14] Vision in Motion
Zdeněk Pešánek (1896-1965)
Born in Kutná Hora, Central Bohemia
Studied sculpture and architecture with Jan Štursa
Avantgarde after war, art, science and machinery as utopia for a new society
Monumental forms, contradiction of modernity and tradition
Light and kinetic sculpture - light as matter
City as artefact, light urbanism (Devětsil manifesto of poetism, 1922)
First use of neon and fibreglass in sculpture in 1920s
Light advertisement since mid. 20s
Rejection of films and Kinetism (1920s, 1940)
First exhibition, UMPRUM, 1936
World Exhibition in Paris, 1937
Major works
Edison transformer station, Jeruzalémská st. (1926-29)
Light, neon and sculptures as advertisements, mid 30s 100 years of electricity (1936) Spa Fountain (1936) Light sculptures, male and female torsos (the 1930s) Sculpture for the main entrance of the Electric Company of the City of Prague (1936)
Reading and resources
Light penetrates the darkness (Světlo proniká tmou, Otakar Vávra, 1931) [15]
Zdeněk Pešánek: Kinetismus (1940) [16]
Zdeněk Pešánek: Kinetismus [17]
On-line biography and bibliography at Monoskop [18]
Franciszka and Stefan Themerson (1910–1988) Farmacia 1930 * https://youtu.be/nwU1wscVURY
Len Lye (1901-1980)
Key concepts: Abstract film and new visual forms Hand-painted animation Film and advertisement Optokinetic sculptures Major Works (Sculpture) Fountain (1959) Blade (1976) Trilogy (1977) Major Works (Film) The Birth of The Robot (1936) Colour Flight (1937) Color Cry (1952) Free Radicals (1958) Tusalava [19]
Reading Stanislav Ulver - Západní filmová avantgarda (1991) On-line resources [20]
[editovat] Frank Malina (1912-1981)
Lumidine system
Born in Texas, lived in Bohemia app 1920-30 Scientist-artist-editor-humanist Famous for his work on early rocket development Mechanical engineering, aeronautics, 1934 Lunar International Laboratory Founder-Editor of Leonardo Journal New Landscapes, science, technology and extraterrestial space
Visual art since 1953 Kinetic light paintings and objects
Lumidyne System - electric light shining through painted moving and static elements, sometimes with the addition of a diffusing screen (1956)
Reflectodyne System - electric light reflected onto moving mirrors or other surfaces reflecting light Polaridyne System - using the special optical effects produced by light passing through polarizing materials Audio-Kinetic System - light and motion paintings and sculpture activated by varying intensities of sound
Major works
Orbit IV
Stairways to the Stars
Polaris
Cosmos
Kinetic Column * https://youtu.be/sl2duqEnBbY
Resources Foundation Langlois [21] Lumidyne System [22] [editovat] More resources
Lightart at ZKM [23] Kinetic art at Wikipedia [24]
Lazslo Moholy Nagy: Vision as Motion (1946) [25] understandingduchamp.com [26]
Marcel Duchamp: Anemic Cinema (1926) [27]
Marcel Duchamp: Rotary Demisphere, 1925 [28]
Digital Light, edited by Sean Cubitt, Daniel Palmer and Nathaniel Tkacz [29]
More artists
light
Otto Piene http://www.medienkunstnetz.de/works/lichtballett/
Gyorgy Kepes http://act.mit.edu/people/director/gyorgy-kepes/
Nicolas Schoffer Luminodynamic [30] cyberneticzoo.com [31] Resources online: [32][33][34]
Jean Tingueli at ubu.com [35] http://www.tinguely.ch/en/museum_sammlung/jean_tinguely.html http://www.nytimes.com/video/2011/04/06/arts/design/100000000761945/tinguely.html http://vimeo.com/16227173
Robert Irwin http://www2.iim.cz/wiki/index.php/Robert_Irwin
Dan Flavin http://www.diaart.org/sites/main/danflavinartinstitute
movement
Jesús Rafael Soto http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesús_Rafael_Soto http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCVtcjvvTxs
George Rickey http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Rickey http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmqwrftZgTQ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hKsbxoLtveU
Joe Gilbertson http://jasonkrugman.wordpress.com/2009/01/20/kinetic-sculpture-by-joe-gilbertson
Geoffrey Smedley http://www.geoffreysmedley.com/#!media/c13co
Roman Signer http://www.romansigner.ch http://vimeo.com/32083693
Paul Friedlander https://youtu.be/hTdZnZaJjoA Theo Jansen http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theo_Jansen http://www.ted.com/talks/theo_jansen_creates_new_creatures.html
Zimoun http://www.zimoun.ch
Olafur Eliasson http://www.olafureliasson.net/
Pe Lang http://www.pelang.ch/works.html
Atilla Csorgo http://www.c3.hu/~acsorgo/ http://video.mit.edu/watch/attila-csorgo-turning-out-the-space-7801
David Bowen http://www.dwbowen.com